ION:灰度：Ordinals 可以解锁比特币的新潜力吗？（英文原版）_OIN

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Since its inception, Bitcoin has been hailed by some as a revolutionary technology with the potential to transform the way we conduct transactions using a new financial layer. Recently, a new innovation has emerged that could unlock new possibilities for the Bitcoin network to also function as a cultural layer. Ordinals1, which refer to NFT2-like assets on the Bitcoin network, had their start in December 2022 when Bitcoin developer Casey Rodarmor released the ORD software. Each bitcoin can be subdivided into 100 million smaller units called “satoshis,” and while normally these satoshis are fungible3, ORD assigns numerical values to individual satoshis, allowing for uniqueness. More specifically, ORD, which runs on top of a Bitcoin Core full node, allows users to add arbitrary data to a Bitcoin transaction (“inscription”) and tie the data to an individual satoshi4 (“ordinal”). Ordinals have generated a great deal of attention in the crypto ecosystem, surpassing one million inscriptions on April 8, 2023 (Figure 2), and sparking a conversation about the potential to unlock new possibilities for the Bitcoin network.

Figure 1: Simplified Bitcoin Inscriptions and Ordinals Example

Source: Grayscale Research

灰度：已就对SEC拒绝比特币现货ETF的诉讼提交最终简报:2月8日消息，灰度在推特上表示：“上周，灰度在我们的诉讼中提交了我们的最终简报，质疑美国证券交易委员会拒绝将GBTC美元转换为现货比特币ETF的决定。这些与之前提交的其他摘要基本相同，但有额外的引用和参考。准备供 DC 巡回法院法官小组阅读的摘要是必要的要求。我们期待在2023年 3月7日在专家组面前陈述我们的案件。”

此前去年6月份消息，美国SEC拒绝灰度现货比特币ETF申请，同日灰度法律顾问向华盛顿特区巡回上诉法院提交了复审请愿以作为提前诉讼的第一步，提交复核申请后，诉讼过程将涉及简报，法官选择、口头辩论和最终判决。1月24日消息，美国法院加快灰度诉美SEC案的的口头辩论，双方将于3月7日向法院陈述案情。[2023/2/8 11:54:00]

This process effectively creates a Non-Fungible Token (“NFT”) on the Bitcoin network. While some are critical of ordinals, cautioning against bloating the blockchain or harming fungibility, we believe that ordinals represent one of the larger opportunities for Bitcoin adoption, especially as the Bitcoin network has historically been viewed as a rigid blockchain ecosystem.

Figure 2: Ordinals Count

Source: Dune, @dgtl_assets, as of 4/21/2023

Despite their recent popularity, ordinals are not the first instance of NFTs on the Bitcoin blockchain. Renowned Bitcoin NFT projects, such as Rare Pepe Cards (Figure 3), employed a Layer 25 network known as Counterparty, which was established in 2014. However, Counterparty’s Layer 2 infrastructure was criticized for being complicated, which left room for other approaches to take hold. While the Counterparty network may seem less relevant today, it still represents one of the first instances in crypto’s history where users created and traded unique digital assets – and arguably could have spurred the mass excitement around NFTs, more broadly.

灰度：GDLC已成为向美国SEC报告的基金:灰度（Grayscale）官方发推表示，GDLC（Digital Large Cap Fund）已成为向美国证券交易委员会（SEC ）报告的基金，我们刚刚在表格10上提交了三个额外产品的注册声明，分别是BCHG、ETCG和LTCN。[2021/7/12 0:46:15]

Figure 3: Rare Pepe Card on Counterparty Network

Source: Rare Pepes

Ordinals stand out among Bitcoin NFT endeavors due to their independence from Layer 2 solutions. Rather than relying on such solutions, ordinals capitalize on previous Bitcoin network enhancements, such as SegWit (conducted in 2017, and increased Bitcoin block size limit to 4MB) and Taproot (conducted in 2021, and added more complex scripting in the witness6 section of the transaction). Ultimately, ordinals enable data to be directly embedded within the witness segment of a Bitcoin transaction. Ordinals can be composed of almost any type of data, ranging from pictures to videos to applications (Figure 4).

Figure 4: Example of a Bitcoin Ordinal

Source: Doom Clone NFT

As the use of ordinals deviates from the conventional peer-to-peer electronic cash system, numerous criticisms have arisen from those who disapprove of them. Generally, these criticisms can be summarized as follows:

Straying from Bitcoin’s initially conceived purpose: Utilizing the Bitcoin network to store arbitrary data contradicts the primary objective outlined in Satoshi’s 2013 whitepaper, which is for Bitcoin to serve as a “peer-to-peer electronic cash system.“

声音 | 灰度：加密货币信托基金在2019全年募集量超过前6年总和:美国加密货币投资机构Grayscale发布 2019 全年投资报告，数据显示 2019 年 Grayscale 共募集超过 6 亿美元，这个数字超过了Grayscale 产品在 2013 年到 2018 年的累计募集总额。自成立以来，Grayscale 系列产品的累计投资额达到了 11.7 亿美元。比特币信托基金的单季度最大投资额为 2019 年第四季度，共计 1.9 亿美元。Grayscale 的用户规模也在 2019 年增长了约 24%，约占新投资额的 24%。有 36% 的客户投资了多款 Grayscale 旗下的产品。[2020/1/17]

Blockchain bloat: Embedding additional data into the blockchain increases its size, making it more challenging to download and some argue that ordinals clutter the blockchain with extraneous information.

Compromises fungibility: If a substantial number of satoshis are inscribed, Bitcoin’s fungibility will diminish, potentially affecting its primary use case as electronic currency.

The concerns are valid: the original Bitcoin whitepaper does not account for unique digital assets, extra data contributing to blockchain bloat, nor inscriptions that could reduce fungibility. Still, ordinals are, in fact, a byproduct of utilizing the Bitcoin blockchain as it exists today and the subsequent crypto innovations that have come since, even if not initially envisioned by Bitcoin’s creator. And—while the inscription of satoshis does decrease fungibility—it is estimated that it would take around 238 years7 to mint ~.24% of total terminal BTC supply.

声音 | 灰度：由于Ripple公司的参与，XRP去中心化程度相对较低:金色财经报道，机构加密资产经理灰度（Grayscale）发布了有关数字资产XRP的深入报告，分析了XRP的历史、协议、价格和交易速度等。灰度称，XRP试图消除由机构推动的高交易费用和较长的处理时间，并且像大多数数字资产一样，解决了双重支出问题。灰度强调了XRP分类帐的去中心化性质，并解构了在开源分类帐上处理交易的方式。该报告还表示，Ripple直接致力于发展XRP生态系统，并且其拥有XRP总供应量的一半以上，从而固有地使该协议的去中心化程度低于其他加密资产。[2019/11/28]

We believe that ordinals are positive for the Bitcoin network in two key ways: resulting in an increase of Bitcoin miner fees, and potentially contributing to a cultural transformation within the Bitcoin community.

One of the largest open issues related to Bitcoin’s economic model is the security budget, which is the concern that once all new tokens have been mined, miner rewards derived from transaction activity may eventually prove insufficient to motivate miners to maintain an adequate hash rate for securing the network. The advent of ordinals has led to an increase in total fees paid to miners (Figure 5), which could potentially establish a sustainable baseline level of transaction fees to incentivize miners, thereby ensuring continued network security throughout the lifetime of the Bitcoin network.

Figure 5: Bitcoin Total Fees

Source: Glassnode, as of 4/21/2023. For illustrative purposes only.

声音 | 灰度：比特币具备对冲全球流动性危机的能力:据coindesk消息，加密货币资产管理公司Grayscale Investments（灰度）最近发布一份报告，报告揭示了比特币作为对冲全球流动性危机的能力。考虑到全球货币，财政和贸易政策发生重大转变，家和决策者可能会发现管理经济越来越困难，从而暗示投资者需要控制自己的财务状况。考虑到比特币透明，不可变和全球流动性，拥有不同于其他任何资产的独特属性，这使得它能够在正常经济周期和市场动荡期间表现良好，比特币应该被视为长期投资组合中的战略地位。该报告审查了近期五次宏观经济冲击，在这些冲击中，作为一种价值储存手段，数字资产的表现优于其它投资。从这些案例研究(包括希腊退欧、英国退欧、中国的人民币结构性贬值以及特朗普的两次冲击)中，报告推断，比特币可能是一个帮助投资者将其投资组合与任何潜在的市场失控隔离开来的有效工具。[2019/6/18]

Bitcoin-the largest digital asset by market cap and mainstream awareness-has been criticized by some crypto insiders and developers as a relatively stagnant community and blockchain. Based on the velocity of NFT adoption witnessed on other chains, such as Ethereum, we believe that ordinals have the potential to attract new users who may not have previously considered using Bitcoin. We believe the emergence of ordinals is likely to promote a development-oriented community and culture in support of the Bitcoin network.

Since its inception in 2017, the ERC721 standard has been adopted by some of the most well-known NFT collections on Ethereum. While other blockchains use their own standards, it is a natural reference point to compare Bitcoin Ordinals to Ethereum’s ERC721, considering Ethereum NFTs account for nearly 90% of the total NFT market share. Ordinals exhibit several notable distinctions in comparison.

Ultimately, ordinals present a straightforward manifestation of non-fungible digital assets due to their immutable nature, absence of programmability, and mandatory on-chain inscription requirements, as opposed to ERC721s. Although Ethereum NFTs boast greater programmability and currently dominate the NFT market in terms of volume and popularity, ordinals could be an appealing alternative for those seeking a straightforward, scarcer digital asset on the most established blockchain available.

Although ordinals are a recent development, they have already amassed over one million inscriptions within a mere four months, even during a bear market. This unexpected surge in popularity may indicate a shift in the broader perception of Bitcoin, despite its reputation as an ossified blockchain. While legitimate concerns exist, we believe that ordinals have the potential to positively impact the Bitcoin network in the longer-term, attracting a new wave of enthusiastic users and developers to embrace the Bitcoin community.

“Ordinals” refers to a numbering scheme for satoshis that allows tracking and transferring individual satoshis.

A non-fungible token is a unique digital identifier that is recorded on a blockchain, and is used to certify ownership and authenticity.

Fungibility is the property of a good or a commodity whose individual units are essentially interchangeable, and each of whose parts are indistinguishable from any other part.

The smallest unit of bitcoin; there are 100 million satoshis in one bitcoin.

Layer 2 blockchain solutions are protocols designed to function atop a Layer 1 blockchain (such as Bitcoin or Ethereum) with the aim of enhancing scalability, privacy, and other attributes of the foundational blockchain.

The witness segment within a Bitcoin transaction is responsible for housing transaction signatures. This information can be converted into accessible content-obwq for any Bitcoin node utilizing the ORD software.

500 million inscriptions assuming around 10,000 satoshis per inscription, which equates to approximately 50,000 BTC inscribed or 0.24% of the total terminal supply of 21 million.

Ethereum Request for Comments (ERC) 721 is a data standard for creating non fungible tokens, meaning each token is unique and cannot be divided or directly exchanged for another ERC-721 token. The ERC-721 standard allows creators to issue unique crypto assets like NFTs via smart contracts.

The InterPlanetary File System is a protocol, hypermedia and file sharing peer-to-peer network for storing and sharing data in a distributed file system.

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